Page 59 - IJES Special Issues for AIEC2016

International Journal of Environment and Sustainability, 2016, 5(1): 46-50 49
Figure 3: Sediment containing oil residue left
over from the Gulf War oil spill (1991) and
clean sediment deposited during the following
12 years.
Figure 4: The shoreline impacted by the Gulf
War Oil Spill.
The shoreline spanning around 755 km up to
the industrial city of Jubail in Saudi Arabia was high tides. As a result, a huge quantity of the
heavily polluted with the crude oil, posing a
serious threat to the environment and flora and
fauna in the sea. Recently, some companies have
been assigned projects related to recovery of
the flora and fauna using some specific
techniques. The techniques adopted for resto-
ration of the flora and fauna requires excavation
of the contaminated soil along the shoreline for
forming channels so that the seawater can move
back and forth through these channels during
contaminated spoil is being generated, which
cannot be dumped in landfills without proper
treatment.
The environmental pollution, which runs from
Kuwait beaches to the shore borders of Saudi
Arabia and is located near Jubail industrial area,
is dangerous to the environment due to crude
oil, as depicted in Figure 4.
As a result, the possibility of dumping the spoils
in landfills is ruled out because of its huge
quantity (approximately 500,000 m3) and also
due to the complexity of the contaminated
sediments. Therefore, it is essential to explore
the feasibility of treatment of spoils using S/S
technology for possible reuse of the treated
sediments and the ability for engineering
application such as using them as sub-base or
base material for road construction, back fill, or
construction material.
Ba-Naimoon (2013) studied the possibility of
treatment of spoils using S/S technology to
ensure either the safe disposal of the treated
spoils or utilization of the treated spoils for
engineering applications such as formation of
sub-base or base courses in road construction.
Three levels of the oil-contaminated soils (high,
medium, and low) were collected from different
locations and characterized using different
laboratory tests. For S/S treatment, Portland
cement and different cementitious waste
materials, such as Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) and
Limestone Powder (LSP), were used as alter-
native stabilizers. As a result, Ba-Naimoon
(2013) reported that it is possible to use the oil-
contaminated soils as sub-base material in
flexible and rigid pavements, as shown in Figure
5.
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